Chronology of MONGOL
Appendix (Helicon Publishing
1999)
1206 |
Nomadic Mongol tribes united by Genghis Khan to form nucleus of vast Mongol Empire which, stretching across central Asia, reached its zenith under Genghis Khan's grandson, Kublai Khan. late 17th century: Conquered by China to become province of Outer Mongolia. |
1911 |
Independence proclaimed
by Mongolian nationalists after Chinese 'republican revolution';
Tsarist Russia helped Mongolia to secure autonomy, under a
traditionalist Buddhist monarchy in the form of a reincarnated lama. |
1915 |
Chinese sovereignty reasserted. |
1921 |
Chinese rule overthrown with Soviet help |
1924 |
People's Republic proclaimed on
death of king, when the monarchy was abolished; defeudalization
programme launched, entailing collectivization of agriculture
and suppression of Lama Buddhism. |
1932 |
Armed antigovernment uprising
suppressed with Soviet assistance; 100,000 killed in political purges. |
1946 |
China recognized Mongolia's independence. |
1952 |
Death of Marshal Horloogiyn Choybalsan,
the dominant force in the ruling communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary
Party (MPRP) since 1939. |
1958 |
Yumjaagiyn Tsedenbal became
dominant figure in MPRP and country. |
1962 |
Joined Comecon. |
1966 |
20-year friendship, cooperation,
and mutual-assistance pact signed with Soviet Union (USSR). Relations
with China deteriorated. |
1984 |
Tsedenbal, the effective leader,
retired; replaced by Jambyn Batmunkh. |
1987 |
Reduction in number of Soviet
troops; Mongolia's external contacts broadened. Tolerance of traditional
social customs encouraged nationalist revival. |
1989 |
Further Soviet troop reductions. |
1990 |
Demonstrations and democratization
campaign launched, influenced by events in Eastern Europe; Batmunkh
resigned and charged with corruption. |
1991 |
Massive privatization programme
launched. GDP declined by 10%. Ochirbat resigned from MPRP in wake
of anti-Gorbachev attempted coup in USSR. |
1992 |
MPRP returned to power in assembly
elections held under new, non-communist constitution. Economic situation
worsened; GDP again declined by 10%. |
1993 |
Ochirbat won first direct presidential
elections. |
1996 |
Economy showed signs of revival.
Union Coalition won assembly elections, defeating MPRP and ending
75 years of communist rule. Defence cooperation agreement
signed with USA. Mendsayhany Enhsayhan became prime minister. |
1997 |
Ex-communist Natsagiyn Bagabandi
elected MPRP chairman. Economic 'shock therapy' programme, supervised
by IMF and World Bank, created unemployment and made government
unpopular. Bagabandi elected president. Mongolia first country
to abolish all taxes and tariffs on trade. |
1998 |
National Democratic Party
leader Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj became prime minister. |
2001 |
Open the mongolschool.com hompage by Dui-Korea (http://www.dui.co..kr) |
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Mongol School. |
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